N Type , Sb-Doped Ge Wafer , 6”, Prime Grade -Powerway Wafer
PAM-XIAMEN is a worldwide manufacturer of single crystal Germanium wafer ( Ge wafer ) and single crystal Ge ingot , we have a strong advantage in providing Ge wafer for micro-electronics and opto-electronics industry in diameter range from 2 inch to 6 inch . Germanium wafer is an elemental and popular semiconductor material, due to its excellent crystallographic properties and unique electric properties, Germanium wafer is widely used in Sensor, Solar cell and Infrared optics applications. PAM-XIAMEN can provide low dislocation and epi ready Germanium wafers to meet your unique germanium needs. Germanium wafer is produced as per SEMI. standard and packed in standard cassette with vacuum sealed in clean room environment , with a good quality control system , PAM-XIAMEN is dedicated to providing clean and high quality Germanium wafer products. PAM-XIAMEN can offer both electronics grade and IR grade Ge wafer, please contact us for more Ge product information
Properties Of Germanium Substrate/Window
| Thermal properties: |
| Thermal Expansion |
5.9 x 10-6 °C -1 @ 300K |
| Melting Point |
937°C |
| Thermal diffusivity |
0.36 cm2s-1 |
| Thermal conductivity |
0.58 W cm-1 °C-1 |
| Specific heat |
0.31 J g-1 °C-1 |
| Mechanical properties: |
| Young Modulus |
10.3x1011 dyn cm-2 @ 300K |
| Shear Modulus |
4.1x 1011 dyn cm-2 |
| Knoop Hardness |
780 kg mm-2 |
| Poisson constant |
0.26 |
| Electrical properties: |
| Di-electric constant |
16.2 |
| Resisitivity |
9.0 ohm cm |
| Optical properties: |
| Transmission |
2 - 14μm fino a circa 45° |
| Refractive Index |
4.025 @ 4μm |
| 4.005 @ 10μm |
Specification of Germanium Wafer
| Item |
Specifications |
Remarks |
| Growth Method |
VGF |
|
| Conduction Type |
n-type |
|
| Dopant |
Antimony |
|
| Wafer Diamter |
6 |
inch |
| Crystal Orientation |
(100),(111),(110) |
|
| Thickness |
200~550 |
um |
| OF |
EJ or US |
|
| Carrier Concentration |
request upon customers |
|
| Resistivity at RT |
(0.001~80) |
Ohm.cm |
| Etch Pit Density |
<5000 |
/cm2 |
| Laser Marking |
upon request |
|
| Surface Finish |
P/E or P/P |
|
| Epi ready |
Yes |
|
| Package |
Single wafer container or cassette |
|
There Are Multiple Forms
When it comes to germanium, there are five naturally occurring isotopes. They are germanium-70, germanium-72, germanium-73, germanium-74, and germanium-76. Isotopes are two or more forms of an element with each differing from each other according to their mass number. The mass number is the number located to the right of the element, which in this case is 70, 72, 73, 74, and 76. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. At least nine radioactive isotopes of germanium are also known.
It Has Many Uses
Germanium first became important for its use in semiconductors. In fact, semiconductor use accounts for 15% of all germanium used and produced. Even more popular for germanium is its use in the manufacturing of fiber optic systems. Those account for about 40% of its overall production in the United States. It is also used to make specialized glass for military applications.
Germanium Facts
- Germanium is metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Other metalloids on the periodic table are boron, silicon, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
- Germanium is one of the few elements that expand when it freezes, just like water.
- The name “germanium” comes from the Latin name for Germany. Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, is believed to have found the first substrate of germanium in 1885.
- Germanium’s value was recognized during World War II when it was used in high-resolution radar receivers. The first germanium transistor was invented shortly afterward.
- Germanium is primarily mined with zinc ore as well as with argyrodite, germanite, and coal. It is mined in Alaska, Tennessee, China, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia, and Belgium.
- Germanium is commonly used in detectors in a variety of fields.
- Atomic Number: 32
- The existence of germanium was predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869 after he developed the periodic table of elements.
Are You Looking for Ge Wafer?
No matter the project or usage, we feature some of good quality germanium in our germanium wafers. Enquiry today to learn more about how we can get you germanium wafers for your next project.
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